Seven years ago, a friend told me to visit Dachau and that the experience would change my life. Wait just a minute… can you visit Dachau? Yes, you most certainly can.
The former concentration camp has since been turned into a memorial site. It opened to the public in 1965 and welcomes around 800,000 visitors each year.
And while visiting a concentration camp was completely off my tourist radar at the time, I took him up on his suggestion. My first time visiting Dachau Concentration Camp was back in 2012 and my friend’s prediction proved true. The experience changed me. Seven years later it still affects me.
Is it worth visiting Dachau Concentration Camp?
Absolutely. 100%. You can’t understand suffering, fear, perseverance, and you really can’t understand the Holocaust until you’ve visited a concentration camp.
The experience is unlike even your wildest imagination and it’s so much bigger than you’ve ever imagined. It’s not necessarily a pleasant way to spend a day on vacation, but it’s definitely a worthwhile and important one. If you’re looking for a no-holds-barred WWII learning experience, this is about as raw as you can get.
Because seven years had passed, I spent some time visiting Dachau Concentration Camp again in September 2019 to refresh my memory. It turns out I’d remembered everything from my first visit, word for word, image for image.
About Dachau Concentration Camp: some facts
Dachau Concentration Camp began operation on March 22, 1933 in the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich, Germany (the birthplace of the Nazi party).
It began as a camp strictly for political prisoners—social democrats, communists, other Nazi political opponents and the like—and held 4,800 prisoners when it opened.
As we know, Dachau expanded in both size and requirements to holding other groups like Roma, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and in the days following the Kristallnacht of November 9-10, 1938, 10,000 Jewish men. It’s estimated that during its existence, 41,500 people died at Dachau Concentration Camp. However, the exact number will never be known.
Dachau Concentration Camp was the first ever Nazi concentration camp in what would become a total of 44,000 camps and similar incarceration centers.
It was used as a Nazi training facility for SS camp guards. Because of its “success,” was used as a model for all concentration camps built afterwards. American troops liberated the camp on April 29th, 1945. It was the only concentration camp in operation for the entirety of the Third Reich.
How to get to Dachau Concentration Camp
Located just 10 miles from Munich, visiting Dachau Concentration Camp is both quick and easy via public transportation.
I mean, if you can drive a stick and haven’t experienced the German Autobahn yet, driving there wouldn’t be the *worst* thing. But I can’t drive a stick and after enough trips on it the Autobahn terrifies me so I’ll just stick with the train, mmmkay?
Visiting Dachau Concentration Camp via public transportation
From my hotel near the Hauptbahnhof to the entrance of the Dachau memorial site, it took me exactly one hour of travel time. That’s from a combined walk + buy transportation tickets + train + bus.
From wherever you are in Munich, it’s really the easiest to just start your journey at the Hauptbahnhof, Munich’s main train station (because your Munich hotel probably isn’t too far away).
Inside the Hauptbahnhof, rather than trying to figure out your routes and times and what-not, simply purchase a single person day ticket called “Munich XXL.” This ticket covers all transportation on both the trains and the buses you’ll need for your day visiting Dachau Concentration Camp and covers you for an entire day.
Important note
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The Munich XXL ticket covers you for your entire day, but not for a 24-hour period. Regardless of what time you buy the ticket, it will expire at 6:00 am the next morning.
After purchasing your train + bus ticket inside the Hauptbahnhof, head straight past the regional trains and pretzel vendors, downstairs to the S-Bahn trains.
Taking the train to Dachau Concentration Camp
Here you’ll want to take the S2 train in the direction of Petershausen/Dachau/Altomünster. I realize it looks obvious with the word Dachau in there, but the trains could say all three, or just one. On my most recent visit, my S2 train simply said “Altomünster.”
If you’ve never taken the S-Bahn in Munich, you’re in for a treat. The signs at the stations and the signs at the platforms keep you well informed as to where you need to be and how long until the next train arrives.
On board, screens will show the order of the stops and which stop is next. Provided you’re not lulled to sleep at some point, it would be almost impossible to miss the stop for Dachau.
Catching the bus to Dachau Concentration Camp
At the Dachau train station, head downstairs from the train platform and follow the signs for “KZ-Gedenkstätte.” This is how locals refer to Dachau Concentration Camp.
These signs will lead you outside and to a curb-side bus stop where you’ll board bus 726 in the direction of “Saubachsiedlung” (which operates as bus 744 on Saturdays, Sundays, and official holidays, for whatever reason).
Pro tip
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When in doubt, which is a lot, I always double check with the driver to make sure the bus I’m getting on is the one I need to be on. And when you’re headed to such a popular tourist site as this one, even if the driver can’t speak your language, chances are he/she will still know what you’re talking about.
The bus will stop immediately outside the entrance to the Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site. Getting back to Munich is simply the reverse of this: Grab the 726 (or 744) bus going the other direction (i.e., on the other side of the street) towards “Dachau Bahnhof,” then at Dachau train station, take the S2 towards “Erding” and get off at the Hauptbahnhof (or whichever stop is closest to your hotel).
Visiting Dachau Concentration Camp via car
Plug this address: 73 Alte Römerstraße (the dedicated parking lot for visiting Dachau Concentration Camp) into your GPS. Follow the instructions. There you go.
Parking at Dachau Concentration Camp is 3 euros per car but free between November and February.
Important note
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As of July 31st, 2018, the visitor’s parking lot and Alte Römerstraße are both under renovation. The powers that be recommend taking public transportation when visiting Dachau Concentration Camp. It’s not impossible to drive there, it’ll just be more of a hassle. Work is to be “completed by 2020.” I’ll update this post when construction is complete!
What to see when visiting Dachau Concentration Camp
Technically speaking, when visiting Dachau Concentration Camp you can expect a large number of explorable sites spread out around an unbelievably huge piece of property. Among them you can see:
Visitors’ Center
Here you can pick up audio guides and meet with tour groups, check out the gift shop, use the restroom, and have a snack or a bigger lunch.
Many original buildings and sites
Such as:
- The camp’s main gate (the Jourhaus)
- a number of original watchtowers around the camp
- Original detention bunkers that were built to isolate, torture, and murder rebellious prisoners (among them, Georg Elser, the German carpenter who attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler in 1939)
- The camp’s original crematorium – The building also includes access to the fumigation cubicles and the gas chamber. There is also a walking trail behind the building where you’ll find mass graves and an execution range.
The memorial site’s permanent exhibition
This is a large museum-type exhibition focusing on the prisoners’ arrivals at Dachau, their lives inside the camp, and finally their journey to either death or freedom.
They consider this exhibition the bread and butter of visiting Dachau Concentration Camp. This part will take about an hour in itself.
Documentary film
Inside this exhibition you’ll have the option of watching the short documentary film, “The Dachau Concentration Camp 1933-1945” (1969) I highly recommend it, but consider yourself warned. Bring tissues, not toddlers.
Recreated prisoner barracks
The originals were destroyed after liberation but this one has been rebuilt to original specs so you can get a feel for the prisoners’ living space.
A center walking path lined with trees
This is known as Camp Road. The original trees were planted by the prisoners in 1937 but were later removed and replaced with the ones you see today.
Four religious memorials + a convent
Jewish memorial, The Mortal Agony of Christ Chapel, Protestant Church of Reconciliation, Russian-Orthodox Memorial Chapel, and the Carmelite Convent
And an enormous, wide open property that’s bigger than you can imagine. You’ll also find informational placards placed all around the site which makes a free, self-guided tour easily possible.
What to expect when visiting Dachau Concentration Camp
Not technically speaking, while visiting Dachau Concentration Camp you can expect:
A thorough, in-depth sea of information
Like, an unreal amount of information concerning all topics related to Dachau Concentration Camp. It may take you seven years to process it.
A somber environment, obviously
The Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site is just that—a memorial site dedicated to the men, women, and children who suffered and died there. It’s not a “tourist attraction.” Because of this, the site has a totally understandable list of guidelines for visitors.
A lot of walking
The former concentration camp is enormous so be prepared to rack up those steps. Also, the majority of the property is covered in gravel so wear comfortable/appropriate footwear.
Exposure to the elements
Also, because most of your tour will take place outside, be sure to dress according to weather conditions—rain coats and umbrellas, sunglasses and sunscreen in the summer, warm outerwear in the winter, etc.
Most importantly
To look at life completely differently after your day visiting Dachau Concentration Camp.
Guided tour or audio guide?
Visiting Dachau Concentration Camp for the first time, I went with one of the amazing guided tours. And if this will be your first time, that’s what I’d recommend.
Dachau guided tours
English-speaking guided tours are offered every day at 11:00 am and 1:00 pm, last about 2.5 hours, and cost just 3.50 euros (about the same in U.S. dollars).
They cover the main areas of the site—the former camp grounds, the historical buildings, and some of the permanent exhibition—in order to provide a well-rounded overview of Dachau.
However, you’re still free to roam about the property as you wish both before and after your tour. Don’t worry that you’ll be limited if the tour leaves anything out.
They sell tickets for guided tours on a first come-first served basis at the information desk in the visitors’ center, limit them to 30 people, and they do sell out so try to arrive early.
Dachau audio guide
On the other hand, on my latest visit to Dachau Concentration Camp I opted for the audio guide and it did not disappoint. (Well, I mean I was, but for much different reasons.)
Rental of an audio guide costs just 4 euros but requires a deposit. For this you can leave either your ID with the person at the front desk or some money. I say “some money” because I feel like their deposit policy is super open to interpretation.
Note
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I didn’t feel comfortable leaving my ID as a deposit since I only had my passport with me at the time. I was told, after several minutes of digging through my purse to see what else I could leave them, that I could leave 10 euros instead. That I had and that I was not afraid to never see again because I could indeed get back home without it. However, upon returning my audio guide to the desk later, I witnessed another solo female traveler in the same predicament. Only after she expressed not wanting to leave her passport was she given the option to leave 20 euros as a deposit instead. Obviously this money is returned to you when you return the audio guide so the amount is negligible, but still.
The audio guides provide information in 14 languages—English among them—and come with a map you can easily follow along with. They’re comfortable to wear and easy to use, and allow you to pause if you’d like to continue exploring an area, stop to take photos, do some Googling, whatever. You will not feel bound to a group and you don’t have to follow any certain order.
So which one is best?
The information you’ll learn through the audio guide is not much different from the guided tour. In fact, I remember some of the information on the audio guide word-for-word from my guided tour. However, with the guided tour you have the added benefit of being able to hound your tour guide with questions.
In other words, you won’t be disappointed (in a manner of speaking) if you decide on one kind of tour over the other.
But there is a third option! If you’ve left all your IDs and all your euros at your hotel, visiting Dachau Concentration Camp is still possible.
The memorial site is completely free to visit and the abundance of written information around the site will still teach you what you need to know. You can still view the documentary film, tour the permanent exhibition, shop in the gift shop, and explore all of the sites of the former camp.
Pro tip
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Download the official Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site mobile app before your visit. It offers logistical tips and information, background information on Dachau, summaries of the exhibitions, photos, and more. The app is available for free both on Google Play and the Apple app store.
Things to know before visiting Dachau Concentration Camp
They don’t sugarcoat anything.
The first thing you should know before visiting Dachau Concentration Camp: they don’t sugarcoat anything. They don’t hold anything back and they don’t hide from their horrible past.
All of the ugly facts and photos are put out there for you to see and nothing here is subtle. If you’re expecting a discreet retelling of historical events, forget about it.
On my way back to Munich, an Australian visitor on the bus asked what I thought of Dachau. He followed up by telling me he didn’t agree with them allowing visitors into the crematorium. But why not? Hiding the hideousness of the past doesn’t do anyone any favors. (Well, except the Nazis.)
In fact, the former concentration camp that is now the Memorial Site was established “on the initiative of and in accordance with the plans of the surviving prisoners” who joined together to form the Comité International de Dachau (the International Dachau Committee) before the camp was even liberated.
It’s because of this committee and its members that the demolition of the former crematorium was halted in 1955. And it’s because of them that the former camp became an official memorial site in 1965. Opening the crematorium to visitors, for instance, is not exploitation.
How long will a visit to Dachau Concentration Camp take?
Expect visiting Dachau Concentration Camp to take you around 4 hours. There is a lot to see here and it’s not the kind of place you can rush through, especially given its size. Plan for a half day (plus an hour to get there and an hour to get back to Munich).
Is there a place to eat lunch?
And since you’ll be here for so long, make sure to plan for lunch in the site’s cafeteria. They have a small but adequate cafeteria offering snacks, a variety of hot meals, coffee, sandwiches, and much more with plenty of seating and reasonable prices.
How to dress for your visit
Again, while here you’ll spend most of your day outside so dress according to the weather.
On visiting Dachau Concentration Camp with children
I personally don’t have any children, so I’ll just relay some information. The Memorial Site warns that some of the content may not be appropriate for children under the age of 13 but it’s at the parents’ discretion whether they bring their kids or not.
Children can visit when accompanied by their parents however they restrict guided tours to visitors ages 13 and up and the documentary film inside the permanent exhibition has a minimum age requirement of 14.
Visiting Dachau Concentration Camp: necessary info
Dachau hours
As of this posting, Dachau Concentration Camp is open 364 days a year from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm. It’s open every day of the week and closed only on December 24th.
Dachau admission
Visiting Dachau Concentration Camp is free. There is no entrance admission but guided tours and the use of audio guides will cost you just a few euros. However, it is possible to visit the site without taking any kind of tour if that’s all your schedule allows.
Here’s hoping you have a terrible day visiting Dachau Concentration Camp.
(That means you learned a lot!)
More info for visiting Dachau Concentration Camp
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7 Solid Reasons to Visit the Munich NS-Documentation Center
Ashley,
Reading this guide brought back so many memories from when my wife and I visited Dachau two years ago. I think the best word to describe our experience would be “sobering”. There was one thing that annoyed me, and that was the clueless people taking selfies at the camp with apparently no regard to what took place there. We even saw someone close the main gate to pose in front of it……………………..
Yes, “sobering” is an accurate word for sure. And yes, I’ve seen that a lot of places. Luckily I didn’t see anything like that happening there on my latest visit (Oct 2019), so hopefully people are figuring out what NOT to do at places like this. Hopefully by the end of their visit they learned a thing or two.
I visited Dachau with my husband and 3 month old in April 1977. We were stationed up in Wurzburg, and had come to Munich to register our son’s birth at the American Councilate (sp). We had planned to see the Olympic Stadium but got on the wrong road and ended up at the camp. It was a visit I shall never forget. Reading your comments brought back a lot of memories of walking through the grounds, seeing the photos on the walls, the memorials, the ovens. I remember walking out the back of the room with the ovens and saw a beautiful stone menorah. I remember one area where we crossed over a river. My husband told me the river was filled with blood during the war. I’ve never been able to find any info on that.
Seeing the camp was very emotional for me, but I am glad we went. A memory I will forever hold onto of a human tragedy that must never happen again.
That’s such an interesting story! How you meant to go somewhere else and ended up at Dachau – like it was meant to be. It’s one of the most sobering experiences out there for sure. And as you’ll see, not much has changed since 1977. The stone menorah is still there, and you still get to walk over the river. Thanks for your comments Deborah!
ASHLEY
Thank you for the well done article on Dachau. It brought back many memories. I was Stationed in Augsburg, 50 years ago. Dachau was about halfway from Augsburg to Munich and the shortest way was to drive through Dachau. Also, back then there were no cell phones (of course) and no direct dial calls, so all calls had to go through the switchboard which was in Dachau and the Operator would say “Dachau, dial your number” which always gave me creeps. Finally, the military prison was in Dachau . I took my wife and kids to Europe in 1992 and we all went to Dachau, as one of the posts said, a sobering experience for all. This was my third trip to Dachau, I went twice in 1965-66, once before the memorial and once after, and my recollection was the more sobering experience was before the memorial.
I hope the German people will always keep memorial open.
Thanks again for the post
Thank you for your comment and your story, Don! I agree, I hope the memorial stays open forever and that everyone gets a chance to experience it.
I remember the KZ shortly after the war. Then many years later again but I was retired. I was rather sad that the place looked more like a city park. Many of the items such as the dog cage’s,
hanging tree. blood trench were missing. the ovens have been cleaned out and the grey metal shower heads had been removed and I believe the ceiling of the gas kammer has been covered over. I feel it takes away from the horror the those who lived through that there and those who did not come back out the main gate. A well kept clean park. It would give people a real sense to smell and see the way it really was.
Wow, I bet it was much different so soon after the war. I haven’t seen some of the places you mentioned but I did find the shooting range and blood trench back behind the crematoria though it’s in a wooded trail. I agree that sites like these shouldn’t remove their worst parts, but I do think they’re still able to paint the same images for visitors.
I’ve been to Dachau just once – with my husband in 1970. Hard to believe that was just 25 years after Dachau was liberated and the war ended.
We had a different experience than those described here. We had purchased a VW Bug in the US, which we then picked up in Germany to begin our 3 week vacation traveling with Frommer’s Europe on $5 A Day. Yes, we were young and poor and actually followed it!
We thought we had allowed enough time to get to Dachau and see everything, but we got lost and could NOT find it! My husband was fluent in German, but when we would stop and ask local people along the way where the camp was, they would all just shrug and shake their head, “No,” as if they had no idea what he was talking about. There were absolutely NO road signs to the camp. It was as if no one wanted visitors going there. We lost a good two hours just trying to locate it.
Finally we stumbled onto it, with maybe 20 minutes till closing. The museum had already closed. But I remember the general layout and most especially the memorial with the twisted metal “bodies” sculpture. They also had “Never Again” in 5 languages as part of the memorial. I have one photo of that.
I’ve been back to Germany 3 or 4 times since 1970, but I never went back to Dachau. However, a few years ago I visited Israel and The Holocaust History Museum. It is stunning!!
Huge, complete, and heart breaking! I definitely recommend that if you’re in Jerusalem.
So my experience at Dachau is a little different from yours, but still extremely meaningful, especially when combined with other related experiences in my life over the last 51 years . . .
Thanks for sharing Joan! What an interesting experience! I will definitely remember your suggestion for Israel.